In Oct. 1966, concerned over a birth rate regarded as too low, the government of Romania suddenly withdrew permission for legal abortions, then the main method of fertility control in that country. At the same time the government discouraged the use of other modern contraceptive means and took other social measures in order to increase the birth rate to specified levels. That sudden change in the availability of induced abortion virtually doubled the birth rate from 1966-1967, but thereafter the rate began to fall. The pro-natalist effect of this family planning program, defined as a change in access to modern services of fertility control is examined. The 1966 decree had a large effect in increasing fertility within its 1st decade, of the order of 1/3 and on the designated target. It doubled the rate of natural increase and accounted for 1/2 of Romania''s population increase during those years. In time, the effect may turn out to be close to the magnitude of the U.S.A baby boom. While the policy of family planning was being put down at Bucharest in 1974, the host country was enjoying one of the world''s major successes in such efforts.