Abstract
The concept of a role hierarchy (that is, partial order)is often included in role-based access control (RBAC)models and systems. In current practice the same hierarchyis typically used for two distinct purposes. Membersof a senior role in the hierarchy inherit permissionsfrom juniors. We call this the usage (or permissionusage)aspect of role hierarchies. Membership in a seniorrole also authorizes users to activate junior roles.For purpose of least privilege a user may choose to...

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