Multiple Functions of Thioredoxins

Abstract

Reduced thioredoxins from microbial and plant cells, both of cytoplasmic or chloroplast origin, are interchangeable in stimulating such diverse enzyme activities as ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase (Escherichia coli), 3''-phosphoadenosine 5''-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase (Synechococcus) and fructose-1,6-bis-phosphatase (spinach) in vitro. Reduced thioredoxins may be unspecific, multifunctional cellular proteins while in contrast the oxidized forms require specific enzymes for their reduction.