β‐Amyloid Degradation and Alzheimer′s Disease
Open Access
- 1 January 2006
- journal article
- Published by Wiley in BioMed Research International
- Vol. 2006 (1), 58406
- https://doi.org/10.1155/jbb/2006/58406
Abstract
Extensive β‐amyloid (Aβ) deposits in brain parenchyma in the form of senile plaques and in blood vessels in the form of amyloid angiopathy are pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer′s disease (AD). The mechanisms underlying Aβ deposition remain unclear. Major efforts have focused on Aβ production, but there is little to suggest that increased production of Aβ plays a role in Aβ deposition, except for rare familial forms of AD. Thus, other mechanisms must be involved in the accumulation of Aβ in AD. Recent data shows that impaired clearance may play an important role in Aβ accumulation in the pathogenesis of AD. This review focuses on our current knowledge of Aβ‐degrading enzymes, including neprilysin (NEP), endothelin‐converting enzyme (ECE), insulin‐degrading enzyme (IDE), angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE), and the plasmin/uPA/tPA system as they relate to amyloid deposition in AD.Keywords
Funding Information
- National Institutes of Health (RO1AG10675, P30HD63352, NIH-P01-AG03949, 5P01AG003949, 5P01AG014449, 5P50NS040256)
This publication has 182 references indexed in Scilit:
- Insulin-degrading enzyme degrades amyloid peptides associated with British and Danish familial dementiaBiochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2005
- ACE I/D polymorphism is a risk factor of Alzheimer's disease but not of vascular dementiaNeuroscience Letters, 2004
- Pathways towards and away from Alzheimer's diseaseNature, 2004
- Oxidized neprilysin in aging and Alzheimer’s disease brainsBiochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2003
- RAGE mediates amyloid-β peptide transport across the blood-brain barrier and accumulation in brainNature Medicine, 2003
- The angiotensin 1-converting enzyme insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism does not influence the extent of amyloid or tau pathology in patients with sporadic Alzheimer's diseaseNeuroscience Letters, 2002
- Overexpression of Insulin Degrading Enzyme: Cellular Localization and Effects on Insulin SignalingBiochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1997
- Oxidative damage in Alzheimer'sNature, 1996
- An insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene accounting for half the variance of serum enzyme levels.JCI Insight, 1990
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme is present in the subfornical organ and other circumventricular organs of the ratNeuroscience Letters, 1982