About 12,276 physicians (including those in training programs) are currently engaged in the practice of pediatrics. Of this number, 11,317 (or 92%) classify themselves as full-time specialists. More than half of the total have been certified by the American Board of Pediatrics. Three-fourths of the full-time pediatricians are in clinical practice. Eleven per cent are in other forms of practice such as hospital staff, teaching, or administration. The other 13% are in training programs as interns or residents. Fifteen per cent of the full-time pediatricians are women. Those reported as nonwhite number 187. Among the pediatricians engaged full-time in clinical practice, 61% are under age 45. The Northeast region and the West have more than their share of pediatric manpower in relation to child population; the North Central region and the South are in less favorable positions. Pediatrics ranks fifth among some 30 specialties in terms of medical manpower. At the present time, pediatricians comprise 8% of all specialists. The ratio of pediatricians to the child population under 15 years of age rose from 7.3 per 100,000 in 1940 to 16.3 by 1961. The ratio of general practitioners to the population under 15 years of age fell from 345 in 1940 to 135 per 100,000 in 1961. When pediatricians are combined with general practitioners, the ratio fell from 352 in 1940 to 151 in 1961.