ANTIBIOTIC SYNERGISM IN ENTEROCOCCAL ENDOCARDITIS

Abstract

The recognition of enterococci highly resistant to streptomycin (S) raises questions concerning the choice of aminoglycoside in treatment of enterococcal endocarditis. Left-sided endocarditis was induced in rabbits with an S-sensitive enterococcus, strain 1 (inhibited by 125 .mu.g/ml S) and an S-resistant enterococcus, strain 2 (resistant to 7500 .mu.g/ml S). Treatment was initiated 6 h, 24 h or 3 days after infection with procaine penicillin (P) alone, P plus S, P plus gentamicin (G) or P plus sisomicin (Si). In rabbits infected with strain 1 for 6 h before treatment, most vegetations were sterile after 3 days therapy with each combination but not with P alone which had mean log10 colony forming units/g vegetation (log CFU [colony-forming units]) of 2.5. With strain 2 the log CFU were lower (1.9-2.6) with each combination than with P (4.0). In rabbits infected with strain 1 for 24 h and then given 9 days of therapy, the log CFU were decreased with each combination (2.0-2.3) as compared with P alone (4.9). With strain 2 the log CFU were lower with P plus G or Si (1.5 and 2.5) than with P alone or P plus S (4.5 and 4.1). In rabbits infected with strain 1 for 3 days and then given 7 days of therapy, the log CFU were 4.1-5.5 with each combination and 6.7 with P. With strain 2 the log CFU was 4.0 with P plus G or Si as compared with 6.4 and 6.7 for P or P + S. These studies showed little difference between the 3 antibiotic combinations with the S-sensitive enterococcus or in early (6-h) endocarditis caused by the S-resistant enterococcus. There was a large advantage of P plus G and P plus Si over P + S in more established (24 h or 3 day) endocarditis caused by the S-resistant enterococcus.