Chromosome Analyses in Mongolism (Langdon–Down Syndrome) Associated with Leukemia

Abstract

IN 1930 Brewster and Cannon¹ reported a case of mongolism associated with acute lymphatic leukemia, and seventeen years later Ingalls² mentioned as a curiosity that 2 of 50 children with mongolism autopsied at Boston Children's Hospital died of leukemia. These isolated observations were followed between 1950 and 1960 by numerous publications^{3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11} showing that the occurrence of the combined disorders was many times higher than that which might be expected to result from chance associations. By 1961 Stewart¹² had found in England and Wales 50 cases of leukemia associated with mongolism, and Wald et al.,¹³ examining death certificates of all who . . .