Upper Limit to Radiation of Mass Energy Derived from Expansion of Galaxy

Abstract

Loss of mass energy from the galaxy, whether by gravitational radiation or otherwise, should cause the galaxy to expand. Observations of stellar motions near the sun imply that the rate of radiation averaged over the last ∼${10}^8$ yr must be less than ${200M}_{\odot }$ ${\mathrm{yr}}^{-1\mathrm{}}$. Studies based on the 21-cm line have already yielded some evidence for galactic expansion, which could be a consequence of mass loss.