Identification of an essential carboxylate group at the active site of lacZβ‐galactosidase from Escherichia coli

Abstract

[³H] Conduritol C cis-epoxide (1,2-anhydro-epi-inositol, I) was synthesized as an active-site-directed inhibitor for lacZβ-galactosidase from Escherichia coli. A considerable kinetic isotope effect was noted in the reduction by [³H]NaBH₄ of the p-benzoquinone-derived precursor for I. Complete loss of β-galactosidase activity occurred on incorporation of 4 mol I/mol β-galactosidase tetramer. The inhibitor was very labile in the denatured enzyme at pH < 8, implying the formation of an ester bond between I and a carboxylate at the active site. The radioactive material released from the labeled enzyme was identified as allo-inositol. The stereochemistry of the expoxide reaction (trans-diaxial ring opening) is thus the same as for β-glucosidases with the corresponding epoxides. The binding site for I was identified as Glu-461 by the isolation and partial sequence analysis of a radioactive octapeptide from the cyanogen bromide and pepsin fragments of the labeled enzyme. A failure to determine the N-terminal amino acid of the labeled peptide is ascribed to the great reactivity of the esterified γ-carboxyl group of its N-terminal Glu-461 which causes rapid cyclisation of this residue to pyroglutamate, even under weakly basic conditions. The participation of the carboxylate of Glu-461 in catalysis is discussed.