Ultrastructural artefacts in biopsied normal myocardium and their relevance to myocardial biopsy in man.

Abstract
Myocardial tissue biopsy specimens are used in the diagnosis of various myocardial diseases. A study of myocardial tissue, biopsied and processed in various ways and obtained from normal healthy experimental animals showed that a variety of artifacts may be found. These artifacts develop in reactive, beating myocardium but not in non-reactive hearts. The artifacts are often similar to, or mimic, changes described as pathological in origin. An artifact-free biopsy technique is described for valid pathological diagnoses of myocardial biopsies.