Two-Dimensional Ising Model Criticality in a Three-Dimensional Uniaxial Relaxor Ferroelectric with Frozen Polar Nanoregions

Abstract

The charge-disordered three-dimensional uniaxial relaxor ferroelectric Sr0.61Ba0.39Nb2O6 splits up into metastable polar nanoregions and paraelectric interfaces upon cooling from above Tc. The frozen polar nanoregions are verified by piezoresponse force microscopy, respond domainlike to dynamic light scattering and dielectric excitation, reveal nonergodicity at T>Tc via global aging, and coalesce into polar nanodomains below Tc. Contrastingly, the percolating system of unperturbed interfaces becomes ferroelectric with two-dimensional Ising-model-like critical exponents α=0, β=1/8, and γ=7/4, as corroborated by ac calorimetry, second harmonic generation, and susceptometry, respectively.