High-Yield Preparation of Wax Esters via Lipase-Catalyzed Esterification Using Fatty Acids and Alcohols from Crambe and Camelina Oils

Abstract

Fatty acids obtained from seed oils of crambe (Crambeabyssinica) and camelina (Camelinasativa) via alkaline saponification or steam splitting were esterified using lipases as biocatalysts with oleyl alcohol and the alcohols derived from crambe and camelina oils via hydrogenolysis of their methyl esters. Long-chain wax esters were thus obtained in high yields when Novozym 435 (immobilized lipase B from Candidaantarctica) and papaya (Caricapapaya) latex lipase were used as biocatalysts and vacuum was applied to remove the water formed. The highest conversions to wax esters were obtained with Novozym 435 (≥95%) after 4−6 h of reaction, whereas with papaya latex lipase such a high degree of conversion was attained after 24 h. Products obtained from stoichiometric amounts of substrates were almost exclusively (>95%) composed of wax esters having compositions approaching that of jojoba (Simmondsiachinensis) oil, especially when crambe fatty acids in combination with camelina alcohols or camelina fatty acids in combination with crambe alcohols were used as substrates. Keywords: Camelina (Camelina sativa) oil; Candida antarctica lipase B; crambe (Crambe abyssinica) oil; esterification; jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) oil; Novozym; papaya (Carica papaya) lipase; wax ester