Photoelectronic Processes in Rutile

Abstract

From a wide variety of experiments which include photoconductivity and photoluminescence excitation spectra, thermoluminescence, thermally stimulated current, electroreflectance spectra, kinetic response of photoconductivity, and optical and thermal bleaching of traps, a large number of defect energy levels were detected. A consistent interpretation of all of the data, combined with a knowledge of expected crystal field splittings, leads to the assignment of specific levels and observed transitions to ${\mathrm{Ti}}^{3+}$ interstitial ions. This center is also responsible for the luminescence emission at 0.85 μ. At least eight shallow-trap levels (