Low-temperature infrared studies of some acid–base reactions

Abstract
Low-temperature infrared spectroscopy has been used to examine the systems NH3 + H2O, NH3 + HCl, H2O + HCl, NH3 + HNO3, and NH2OH + HNO3. Hydrogen-bonding in the solid states greatly reduces the reactivities in these systems. Temperatures where reactions initiated in the systems NH3(s) + HCl(g), HNO3(s) + NH3(g), H2O(s) + HCl(g), and NH2OH(s) + HNO3(s) were, respectively, −145, −130, −127, and −125 °C. Infrared spectra of 2NH3•H2O, NH3•H2O, NH4Cl•3NH3, NH4NO3•3NH3, NH4NO3•2HNO3, NH2OH2+NO3, NH3OH+NO3, H3O+Cl, H5O2+Cl, and H5O2+Cl•H2O have been identified in these reaction systems.