Periodontal Disease and Risk of Fatal Coronary Heart and Cerebrovascular Diseases

Abstract

Recent reports have implicated periodontal disease as a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). A retrospective cohort study was conducted using participants in the 1970–1972 Nutrition Canada Survey (NCS). The mortality experience of male and female NCS participants aged 35–84 years without self-reported CHD (n= 10368) or cerebrovascular disease (CVD) (n= 11251) was determined through 1993. The relation between dental health and the risk of fatal CHD and CVD was assessed using Poisson regression modeling. In total, 466 CHD and 210 CVD deaths were observed; missing confounder data reduced these numbers to 416 CHD and 182 CVD deaths. Adjusted for age, sex, diabetes status, serum total cholesterol, smoking, hypertensive status, and province, we found a statistically significant association between periodontal disease and risk of fatal CHD. Rate ratios (RR) of 2.15 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25–3.72) and 1.90 (95% CI 1.17–3.10) were observed for severe gingivitis and edentulous status, respectively. Non-statistically significantly increased RRs of 1.81 and 1.63 were observed for severe gingivitis and edentulous status for CVD. These data indicate that poor dental health is associated with an increased risk of fatal CHD.