Natural Ionization in Spherical Containers; Theoretical Considerations

Abstract

Theory of the variations with pressure and size of container of the natural ionization in gases in spherical containers.—The variations with pressure and size of container of the natural ionization in gases in spherical containers are explained in terms of simple radiations. These radiations differ chiefly with regard to their origin and range. Radiations with equal propagation in all directions, uniform ionization along a path, and with ranges either greater or less than the diameter of the sphere, are considered with origin either throughout the volume or at the inner surface of the container. Radiations are also considered with origin at the inner surface of the sphere, direction normal to the surface, and absorption exponential with the distance traversed. The observed pressure variation of the natural ionization in air is given accurately by the formulas derived, upon assuming the ionization to be due entirely to the secondary and tertiary radiations excited in the gas and its container by a primary penetrating radiation. The volume variation is given qualitatively but not quantitatively in this instance, and the constants are interpreted. The pressure variation in the case of carbon dioxide is also closely approximated.