Notes on the Tundra of Russian Lapland

Abstract
The plant breeding station at Khibiny, which lies in latitude 67[degree] 44[image], north of the White Sea, is the most northerly plant-breeding station in the Avorld. The summers are 10-11 weeks. There is very little rain May-Aug. but it is very rainy Aug-Oct. The winds are very strong and almost continuous. The lowest recorded temp. is [long dash] 38[degree]C. and the maximum 30[degree]C. In ascending a 1500 ft. peak different plant associations are found. On the lower slopes are Pinus sylvestris var. lapponica, Picea obovata, Betula pubescens, B. verrucosa, and B. nana. In the undergrowth are Vaccinium uliginosum, V. myrtillus, V. vitis-idaea, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Rubus saxatilis as well as the mosses Hylo-comium splendens, Hypnum schreberi, Polytrichum commune, and P. stricta, and the lichens Cladonia alpestris and C. rangiferina. On the next higher level are scattering Pinus and Picea with V. myrtillus and V. uliginosum. At the 3rd level are found small scattered Picea obovata, Betula pubescens, and Pinus. The Picea are covered with lichens. The open spaces are covered with Vaccinium. Still farther beyond the tree line the typical plants are Arctostaphylos alpinus, Cladonias, Betula nana, Juniperus nana, mats of reduced Vactinium and Andromeda polifolia, and several species of Carex. Still higher on the rocky exposed slopes are found Picea, Betula nana, and Juniperus nana as creepers. At the extreme top are Linnaea borealis, Dryas octopetala, and Juncus. Along the lake shore and in ascending the river a succession of plant associations is noted. Different types of tundra (rock and moor) are discussed.