Presynaptic modulating effects of GABA on depression, facilitation, and posttetanic potentiation of a cholinergic synapse in Aplysia californica

Abstract

The effects of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) have been studied on the synaptic depression, frequency facilitation, and posttetanic potentiation (PTP) of a unitary, monosynaptic, and presumably cholinergic excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). This EPSP, produced by minimal stimulation of the right visceropleural connective, was recorded in cell R15 of Aplysia californica.Perfusion with GABA (10⁻⁴–10⁻³ M) reduces the size of all EPSPs produced by a train of 100 stimuli at 1/s. It also reduces the synaptic depression and PTP, and increases the frequency facilitation seen during the train.GABA does not significantly affect the membrane resistance (mean 102%) but it slightly depolarizes (mean 6 mV) the postsynaptic cell. GABA does not reduce an acetylcholine iontophoretic potential produced on R15.The effects of GABA are reduced when chloride is replaced by acetate but they remain significant. Picrotoxin and bicuculline fail to antagonize GABA. Addition of sodium azide or dinitrophenol does not reduce the action of GABA and even prolongs it.The effects of GABA are attributed to two sites of action: a postsynaptic one, responsible for the small change in potential and partially responsible for the reduction of EPSP size; and a presynaptic one, responsible for a further reduction of EPSP size and the changes of depression, facilitation, and PTP.