Two‐dimensional electrophoresis. Dual‐label autoradiographic analysis of human skin fibroblast and myoblast proteins by two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using immobilised pH gradients in the first dimension

Abstract

Horizontal two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with immobilised pH gradients in the first dimension has been applied to the analysis of human skin fibroblast and muscle myoblast total cell proteins. Excellent two‐dimensional separations of skin fibroblast proteins were obtained using pH 4–10 immobilised pH gradient gels with a long interelectrode distance (16 cm), but resolution was degraded, particularly of the more acidic proteins, by the use of shorter (10 cm) gels. Improved resolution of acidic and basic proteins was obtained using separate pH 4–7 and pH 7–10 immobilised pH gradient gels respectively in the first dimension. Two‐dimensional protein maps of skin fibroblast proteins were visualised both by silver staining and by autoradiography of samples labelled synthetically with [³⁵S]methionine. Horizontal two‐dimensional electrophoresis, using pH 4–7 and pH 7–10 immobilised pH gradient gels in the first dimension, was applied to the analysis of protein samples from skin fibroblasts and muscle myoblasts dual‐labelled synthetically with [³⁵S]methionine and [⁷⁵Se]selenomethionine in an attempt to identify sets of proteins specific to each cell type. In addition, two‐dimensional maps or protein samples derived from normal individuals and patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy were compared to search for protein changes associated with the disease state. Although sets of qualitative protein spot differences were observed by visual inspection of the two‐dimensional gels, more rigorous qualitative and quantitative analysis of the patterns using a computerised analysis system will be required to obtain the maximum amount of information from these data.