Long-term left ventricular echocardiographic follow-up of SHR and WKY rats: effects of hypertension and age

Abstract

Long-term follow-up of left ventricular (LV) function using echocardiography has not been reported and, in this study, was carried out in normotensive (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In 10 WKY rats and SHR, LV diastolic and systolic diameter (LVEDD and LVSD), shortening fraction (SF), and weight (LVW) were determined at 8, 15, 20, 35, and 80 wk of age. The ratio of early to late mitral flow and mitral annulus velocity ( V_E/ V_A and E_m/ A_m), isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT), deceleration time of the E wave (DT_E), Tei index, and mitral flow propagation velocity ( V_p) were measured. No difference in LVEDD was found between SHR and WKY rats; however, LVEDD was increased at 80 wk in both strains. SF decreased slightly in old WKY rats. LVW progressively increased from 20 to 80 wk in both strains and was greater in SHR. V_E/ V_A and E_m/ A_m decreased at 80 wk in WKY rats. LV relaxation (IVRT, Tei index, and V_p) was progressively impaired in SHR compared with WKY rats. LV compliance (DT_E) was altered in old SHR. Echocardiography permitted a long follow-up of LV function in SHR and WKY rats. Ventricular relaxation was impaired early in the life of SHR and progressed with aging. Furthermore, LV compliance was altered, but systolic function remained unchanged, in old SHR. In contrast, relaxation and SF were only slightly altered in old WKY rats, suggesting that pressure-related changes in LV function were the dominant features in the SHR.