A Prospective Multicenter Study of 163 Sleeve Gastrectomies: Results at 1 and 2 Years

Abstract

Good results obtained after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), in terms of weight loss and morbidity, have been reported in few recent studies. Our team has designed a multicenter prospective study for the evaluation of the effectiveness and feasibility of this operation as a restrictive procedure. From January 2003 to September 2006, 163 patients (68% women) with an average age of 41.57 years, were operated on with a LSG. Indications for this procedure were morbid obese [body mass index (BMI) > 40 kg/m²] or severe obese patients (BMI > 35 kg/m²) with severe comorbidities (diabetes, sleep apnea, hypertension…) with high-volume eating disorders and superobese patients (BMI > 50 kg/m²). The average BMI was 45.9 kg/m². Forty-four patients (26.99%) were superobese, 84 (51.53%) presented with morbid obesity, and 35 (21.47%) were severe obese patients. Prospective evaluations of excess weight loss, mortality, and morbidity have been analyzed. Laparoscopy was performed in 162 cases (99.39%). No conversion to laparotomy had to be performed. There was no operative mortality. Perioperative complications occurred in 12 cases (7.36%). The reoperation rate was 4.90% and the postoperative morbidity was 6.74% due to six gastric fistulas (3.66%), in which four patients (2.44%) had a previous laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. Long-term morbidity was caused by esophageal reflux symptoms (11.80%). The percentage of loss in excessive body weight was 48.97% at 6 months, 59.45% at 1 year (120 patients), 62.02% at 18 months, and 61.52% at 2 years (98 patients). No statistical difference was noticed in weight loss between obese and extreme obese patients. The sleeve gastrectomy seems to be a safe and effective restrictive bariatric procedure to treat morbid obesity in selected patients. LSG may be proposed for volume-eater patients or to prepare superobese patients for laparoscopic gastric bypass or laparoscopic duodenal switch. However, weight regained, quality of life, and evolution of morbidities due to obesity need to be evaluated in a long-term follow up.