Candidal Meningitis in HIV‐Infected Patients: Analysis of 14 Cases

Abstract

Five cases of candidal meningitis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients have been diagnosed in our hospital. This article describes these cases and reviews another nine previously reported in the literature. Most patients (71%) had at least one well-known predisposing factor for candidiasis. Median CD4 cell count was 135/mm³. Headache and fever, in the absence of focal neurologic signs, were the predominant clinical features. The CSF analysis revealed mild pleocytosis and hypoglycorrachia, indistinguishable from those seen in tuberculous or cryptococcal meningitis. Twelve patients (92%) received amphotericin B for a median of 51 days, in combination with flucytosine in five cases. The overall mortality among treated patients was 31%. Although the risk of relapse of candidal meningitis is unknown, maintenance antifungal therapy was given to seven patients (63%), usually with fluconazole. Candida species must be kept in mind as a cause of chronic meningitis in HIV-infected patients who have a known predisposing factor.