THE FREEZING OF WATER AND BENZENE IN POROUS VYCOR GLASS

Abstract

Freezing has been detected in the adsorbed water and benzene of porous Vycor glass at temperatures below that at which the bulk phases freeze. The evidence presented by equilibrium pressure measurements and dimensional changes of the systems is considered in terms of theories of capillary condensation and freezing in cements and soil. Although not all the results can be explained, it is concluded that the freezing process is a gradual one for both adsorbate–adsorbent systems. The evidence further suggests that hysteresis is absent in isotherms if the solid phase has formed.