Secondary flow and turbulence in a cone-and-plate device

Abstract
The flow between a shallow rotating cone and a stationary plate has been investigated using flow visualization, hot-film heat-transfer probes, and measurements of the torque required to rotate the cone against the retardation of the viscous fluid that fills the device. Theory appropriate to these experiments is also presented.An expansion of the Navier–Stokes equations is performed for small values of the single parameter .