Axisymmetric vortices in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates under rotation

Abstract

The relative stability of various axisymmetric vortices in a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate with $F=1\mathrm{}$ is examined within extended Bogoliubov theory. This yields the phase diagram in the plane of external rotation frequency vs magnetization. We compare antiferromagnetic, nonmagnetic, and ferromagnetic cases. The excitation spectrum is evaluated under rotation to investigate the local stability of the possible vortices and the vortex nucleation frequency.