Asian plantain (Plantago asiatica) essential oils suppress 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-co-enzyme A reductase expressionin vitroandin vivoand show hypocholesterolaemic properties in mice
- 15 August 2007
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Cambridge University Press (CUP) in British Journal of Nutrition
- Vol. 99 (1), 67-75
- https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507798926
Abstract
Asian plantain (Plantago asiatica) essential oil (PAEO) contains multiple bioactive compounds, but its potential effects on lipid metabolism have not been examined. PAEO was found to be mostly composed of oxygenated monoterpenes, with linalool as the major component (82·5 %, w/w), measured using GC–MS. Incubation of 0–200 μg PAEO/ml with HepG2 cells for 24 h resulted in no significant toxicity. Incubation with 0·2 mg PAEO/ml altered the expression of LDL receptor (+83 %; P < 0·05) and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase ( − 37 %; P < 0·05), as assessed using RT-PCR. LDL oxidation was markedly inhibited by PAEO treatment due to the prevalence of linalool compounds in PAEO. Oral administration of PAEO for 3 weeks in C57BL/6 mice significantly reduced plasma total cholesterol and TAG concentrations by 29 and 46 %, respectively. The mRNA (+58 %; P < 0·05), but not protein, levels of the LDL receptor were significantly higher, whereas both mRNA and protein levels of HMG-CoA reductase were significantly lower ( − 46 and − 11 %, respectively; P < 0·05) in the liver of PAEO-fed than of control mice. The mRNA levels of CYP7A1 were marginally reduced in HepG2 cells, but not in mouse liver after PAEO treatment. Thus, PAEO may have hypocholesterolaemic effects by altering the expression of HMG-CoA reductase. Reduced TAG and oxidised LDL may provide additional cardiovascular protective benefits.Keywords
This publication has 35 references indexed in Scilit:
- Digestion-resistant fraction from soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] induces hepatic LDL receptor and CYP7A1 expression in apolipoprotein E-deficient miceThe Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2006
- Heme, heme oxygenase and ferritin in vascular endothelial cell injuryMolecular Nutrition & Food Research, 2005
- Hypolipidaemic and antioxidant effect of Enicostemma littorale Blume aqueous extract in cholesterol fed ratsJournal of Ethnopharmacology, 2005
- Phenolic-extract from argan oil (Argania spinosa L.) inhibits human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and enhances cholesterol efflux from human THP-1 macrophagesAtherosclerosis, 2005
- Cranberries inhibit LDL oxidation and induce LDL receptor expression in hepatocytesLife Sciences, 2005
- Differential Activation of Heme Oxygenase-1 by Chalcones and Rosolic Acid in Endothelial CellsJournal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2004
- The oxidation hypothesis of atherosclerosisThe Lancet, 1994
- Susceptibility to low-density lipoprotein oxidation and coronary atherosclerosis in manThe Lancet, 1992
- Administration of a terpene mixture inhibits cholesterol nucleation in bile from patients with cholesterol gallstonesKlinische Wochenschrift, 1987
- Atherosclerosis: Scavenger cell receptor sharedNature, 1985