The Raman spectrum is a characteristic signature that identifies diamond carbon, diamond-like carbon, graphitic carbon in various structural states, and possibly another structural family of carbon. The single sharp Raman line at 1332 cm-1 allows cubic diamond to be recognized against a background of other types of carbon. Small shifts in band wavenumber have been related to stress state in deposited films and line width relates to structural order. Impurities in diamond act as luminescence centers. Some of these can be excited by the laser line used for Raman spectroscopy and the Raman spectrometer used as a luminescence spectrometer. Four major centers and several minor ones have been identified in CVD diamond films.