Erythrocyte Transketolase Activity in Alcoholic Liver Disease

Abstract

Erythrocyte transketolase activity and its stimulation in vitro by the addition of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP effect) was measured in 64 normally nourished alcoholics with well-compensated liver disease and in 20 control subjects. Biochemical evidence of thiamine deficiency as judged by low transketolase activity was found in 19 alcoholics (29.7%). In 6 of these 19 patients the TPP effect was abnormally high, indicating depleted thiamine stores. In the other 13 patients the TPP effect was either normal or low, suggesting a deficiency or an inability to use the transketolase apoenzyme, probably as a result of long-standing thiamine deficiency or the presence of liver disease. A further eight patients (12.5%) had normal transketolase activity but a low TPP effect, perhaps reflecting failure of the coenzyme TPP to recombine with the transketolase apoenzyme in the presence of normal thiamine stores. There was no relationship between transketolase activity and the daily alcohol consumption, the duration of alcoholism, or the histological severity of the liver disease. Thiamine should be given routinely to alcoholics even if their diet appears adequate and their liver disease is minimal or well compensated.