Speciation and toxicity of aluminium in a model fresh water

Abstract
A new algal assay technique was used to determine the effect of the chemical form of aluminium on toxicity in a synthetic hard water. Maximum toxicity occurred at pH 5.8 to 6.2, where as little as 5 μgL‐1 of labile aluminium significantly inhibited algal growth. Algal assay and computer modelling results implicate Al(OH)2 + as the aluminium species most toxic to algae.