A series of 100 patients with hydrocephalu or meningocele or both has been presented. Fifty-one of the patients have died, and the reasons for the deaths are listed. Seventeen of the patients are considered to have hopeless cases, and the reason these patients were so classified is listed. The remaining 32 patients were subclassified as noncompetitive if the I.Q. was found to be below 80. Seventeen patients were in this category, and the mean I.Q. was 63. The patients termed competitive numbered 15; this group had a mean I.Q. of 95. Only two patients in the group were entirely free of residual handicaps. This survey is offered as a baseline observation against which further attempts at therapy may be compared.