Winter Activities of Vespula maculifrons123

Abstract
It has been noted by Evans (1963a), Michener and Michener (1951), and others that even protected subterranean colonies of vespids rarely persist beyond early fall. However, unusual activity in a large aerial nest of the yellow jacket Vespula maculifrons (Buysson) was noted by us on December 1, 1966. Although of a primarily terrestrial species, the colony was in a stack of empty be supers in an unheated barn loft. The paper nest completely filled the interior of 4 shallow supers and measured 14¾×19¼×19 in. The ambient temperature in the barn was similar to the outside temperature.