Determination of Phthalate Esters in Samples from the Marine Environment Using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

Phthalate esters have been extracted from water, sediment and biota samples using a single solvent system, dichloromethane, and clean up by alumina column chromato-graphy. Analysis for dimethyl, diethyl, di-iso-butyl, di-n-butyl, di-n-heptyl, di-(2-ethylhexyl) and di-n-nonyl phthalates was carried out by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Phthalate esters were quantified using multiple ion detection, focussed on m/z 163 and m/z 149. The procedure was tested on samples of water, sediment, bivalves and fish from the estuary of the River Crouch. The method gave satisfactory sensitivity for the determination of phthalate ester levels above the commonly found blank values of 1 to 20 nanograms per gram of solid or litre of water. Comparative samples of fish from the heavily industrialised Tees Bay area did not show greatly elevated levels of phthalate esters.