During the past winter at the Charity Hospital of New Orleans, a large number of patients were admitted to the contagious disease wards with a diagnosis of measles. During the epidemic of this disease, 351 cases in all were seen by one of us, who was struck by the occurrence in some of the patients of various, rather irregular, neurologic symptoms. These symptoms were almost entirely observed in small children. They seemed to depend on irritation of the meninges with a concomitant increase in the intracranial pressure, or to be the result of pathologic processes in the encephalon. Eight of these cases came to autopsy. It is our purpose to report briefly the clinical observations in two of the cases as illustrative of the course of the causative condition, encephalitis, and to report the protocols of the autopsy records in each case. In addition to these eight cases of encephalitis