A Two-by-Two Factorial Trial Comparing Oral with Transdermal Estrogen Therapy and Fenretinide with Placebo on Breast Cancer Biomarkers
Open Access
- 1 July 2004
- journal article
- clinical trial
- Published by American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) in Clinical Cancer Research
- Vol. 10 (13), 4389-4397
- https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-0087
Abstract
Purpose: Oral conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) increase breast cancer risk, whereas the effect of transdermal estradiol (E2) and MPA is less known. Fenretinide may decrease second breast malignancies in premenopausal women but not in postmenopausal women, suggesting a hormone-sensitizing effect. We compared the 6 and 12-month changes in insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), IGF-I:IGFBP-3 ratio, sex-hormone binding-globulin, and computerized mammographic percent density during oral CEE or transdermal E2 with sequential MPA and fenretinide or placebo.Keywords
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