The case history reveals several attacks of bronchopneumonia and later cardiac failure. The lipoid etiology was not suspected until autopsy, when special stains showed the presence of mineral oil in the pulmonary parenchyma. Cardiopulmonary studies and blood gas determinations were undertaken. This paper includes a review of literature of lipoid pneumonia and a discussion of the clinical symptomatology. The most unusual aspect of the case was the relationship between lipoid pneumonia and cor pulmonale. Lipoid pneumonia has rarely been reported among the numerous causes of cor pulmonale.