Formulas for preparing phantom muscle tissue at various radiofrequencies

Abstract

The dielectric properties of various test samples of phantom tissue were measured using an automated and temperature‐controlled slotted line. The ingredients for phantom materials were determined for simulating high‐water content tissue at 13.56, 27.12, 40.68, 70, 100, 200, 300, 433, 750, 915, and 2,450 MHz. The ingredients consisted of water, TX‐150 (a gelling agent), sodium chloride, and polyethylene powder (200–2,450 MHz) or aluminum powder (13.56–100 MHz). The dielectric constant and conductivity of these materials at different temperatures (15, 22, 30°C) were characterized.