Biological Assay for Compost Quality

Abstract

A plant biological assay or bioassay for determining compost quality and/or maturity has received attention over the past two decades. However, no universal acceptance for compost quality is evident and cress, which was first reported to be used as a plant bioassay, is still the most commonly used. Furthermore, there is evidence indicating that cress is not sensitive enough to distinguish between mature and immature composts. Fourteen seed propagated species were surveyed to see if one or more would be useful as a bioassay for compost quality. The study confirmed that cress is a less sensitive indicator than several species, for example, lettuce, carrot or Chinese cabbage. Amaranthus tricolor was identified as a potential sensitive indicator species since it did not germinate in an immature compost extract. When the compost extract was diluted, the germination index was linear with extract concentration. While cress responded by differences in root growth, amaranthus responded by reduced germination and root growth which gave it a more definitive response. The study concluded that most of the species, including the commonly used cress, are not sensitive enough to detect differences between mature and immature composts. However, Chinese cabbage appears to be the best of the commonly used assay plants. Amaranthus' potential as a sensitive compost maturity indicator was discovered and more studies are needed to confirm this finding.