Effects of Nifedipine GITS and Atenolol Monotherapy on Serum Lipids, Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, and Weight in Mild to Moderate Hypertension

Abstract

Forty-nine patients, with ages ranging from eighteen to seventy years and with mild to moderate primary hypertension (sitting diastolic blood pressure of > 95 mmgH and < 115 mmHg) were randomized into a twenty-one-week, double-blind, prospective study to determine the effects of monotherapy of nifedipine GITS (gastrointestinal therapeutic system) versus atenolol on serum lipids, lipid subfractions, apolipoproteins, (apo), and blood pressure (BP). Nifedipine GITS and atenolol significantly reduced blood pressure, but nifedipine GITS reduced sitting and standing systolic BP significantly more than atenolol (p = .001). Sitting and standing heart rate decreased significantly (p = 0.001) during atenolol therapy but did not change significantly during nifedipine GITS therapy. Atenolol increased weight (mean change + 2.2 lb; p = 0.011), but nifedipine GITS decreased weight (mean change - 2.4 lb; p = 0.07). Nifedipine GITS had a more favorable effect on the lipid profile. High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and HDL₂ subfractions were increased significantly (p = .001) as were apo A1 (p = 0.037) and apo A₂ (p = 0.025). Nifedipine GITS increased HDL₃ (NS), reduced triglycerides (TG) (NS), and had no significant effect on total cholesterol (TC) low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and apo B. Atenolol significantly increased serum total cholesterol (p = 0.039) and HDL-C and HDL₂ (p = 0.049 and 0.048 respectively). Atenolol increased TG (NS) and apo B (NS) with little change in apo A1 and apo A2. It is concluded that nifedipine GITS had equal or better antihypertensive efficacy than atenolol and had a more favorable effect on the lipid profile. These effects may offer advantages in reducing CHD risk.