Context: Given that approximately 70% of current endocrinology fellows are women, female physicians will comprise the majority of the future endocrinology workforce. This gender shift partly reflects an apparent waning of interest in endocrinology among male trainees. It also coincides with a projected shortage of endocrinologists overall. Female physicians face unique challenges in the workplace. In order to continue to attract trainees to the specialty and support their success, it is imperative that these challenges be recognized, understood, and addressed. Evidence Acquisition: A PubMed search using the terms “female physician” and “physician gender” covering the years 2000 to 2015 was performed. Additional references were identified through review of the citations of the retrieved articles. The following topics were identified as key to understanding the impact of this gender shift: professional satisfaction, work-life balance, income, parenthood, academic success, and patient satisfaction. Evidence ...