Biomineralisation in reef-building corals: from molecular mechanisms to environmental control
- 30 September 2004
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle in Comptes Rendus Palevol
- Vol. 3 (6-7), 453-467
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpv.2004.07.011
Abstract
Coral reefs constitute real oasis sheltering for about one third of the identified fishes, representing a major advantage for the economy and tourism of many tropical countries. However it is paradoxical to notice that their formation at the cellular level or even at the scale of the organism is still poorly known. Effectively, biomineralisation, the process that is at the basis of their edification, is always the subject of numerous researches. Two combined mechanisms lead to the formation of a biomineral, the synthesis/secretion of macromolecules referred to as ‘organic matrix’, and the transport of ions (calcium, bicarbonates and protons in the case of calcification) to the mineralising site. This review shows a view of the works carried out on biomineralisation in scleractinian corals, including some aspects on the control of calcification by environmental parameters. It also gives insights into the biological basis of the use of coral skeletons as environmental archives in palaeo-oceanography. To cite this article: D. Allemand et al., C. R. Palevol 3 (2004). La biominéralisation chez les coraux constructeurs de récifs : des mécanismes moléculaires à la formation du récif. Alors que les récifs coralliens forment de véritables oasis hébergeant environ un tiers des poissons décrits et constituent un atout majeur pour l’économie et le tourisme de nombreux pays tropicaux, il est curieux de constater que leur formation à l’échelle cellulaire ou de l’organisme est encore peu connue. Le processus à la base de leur édification, la biominéralisation, est, il est vrai, peu compris, même s’il fait actuellement l’objet de nombreuses recherches. Deux mécanismes sont associés pour la formation d’un biominéral : la synthèse et la sécrétion de macromolécules, appelées « matrice organique », et le transport sur le site de minéralisation d’ions (calcium, bicarbonate et protons dans le cas de la calcification). Cet article présente une synthèse des travaux concernant la biominéralisation chez les coraux scléractiniaires ainsi que quelques aspects plus appliqués sur le contrôle de la calcification par les paramètres environnementaux. Il donne aussi un aperçu des bases biologiques de l’utilisation des squelettes coralliens comme archives environnementales en paléocéanographie. Pour citer cet article : D. Allemand et al., C. R. Palevol 3 (2004).Keywords
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