In addition to the soundness of its rationale—the reestablishment of patency by the removal of the obstructive intimal lesion—the reason for the attractiveness of endarteriectomy as a surgical procedure lies in the assumption that its results will be lasting. To assess the validity of this assumption we have recently reviewed the clinical, angiographic, and pathologic data in the cases of occlusive arterial disease in which aorto-iliac endarteriectomies were performed in the Henry Ford Hospital during the years 1957-1963. The aim of the study was not only to determine the rate of late failures but more particularly to find, by means of angiography, the incidence and pattern of evolution of recurrent occlusive disease in its earlier phases. Case Material Operative Indications and Technique. —Our indications for the use of endarteriectomy in the treatment of occlusive disease are narrow. For reasons a detailed discussion of which is not within the scope