Genotoxicity and metabolism of chromium compounds∗

Abstract

This article reviews studies and new experimental data concerning the genotoxicity of chromium compounds of different oxidation state in a variety of short‐term test systems, as well as their metabolic fate. The chemical or biochemical reduction of Cr(VI) has been investigated in several body fluids and cell preparations of different tissues from various animal species, including humans. The variability factors involved and the underlying mechanisms have been explored. The selective reduction of Cr(VI) in different sites of the organism may be consistent with its lack of carcinogenicity by the oral route or at distance from administration sites. Also in the lung, Cr(VI) carcinogenicity is likely to be limited by defense mechanisms of the lower respiratory tract, such as those provided by the epithelial‐lining fluid and by alveolar macrophages.