The Cardiotoxic Effects of Hyperpotassemia and Its Treatment

Abstract

Hyperpotassemia is common and its possible presence should be considered in any patient with electrolyte imbalance, particularly in the presence of renal insufficiency. The clinical diagnosis can be established by the characteristic electrocardiographic findings and confirmed by estimation of serum potassium, Hyperpotassemia kills primarily by its cardiotoxic effect, and a vigorous therapeutic regimen can often be lifesaving. Active therapy includes use of alkalizing solutions, especially molar sodium lactate and calcium; use of glucose and insulin; and removal of potassium by gastric or intestinal suction, cation exchange resins, and dialysis with the artificial kidney.