Validity of Several Types of Vectorcardiographic Leads as Tested on a 2-Dimensional Model of the Human Body

Abstract

The validity of 4 types of vectorcardiographic leads was investigated in a 2-dimensional model of the human body by comparing their reciprocal fields and lead vectors with the theoretically ideal situation. Electrode placements based on simple geometric configurations (Wilson, single cube and orthogonal trihedron leads) were found to be incapable of producing accurate vectorcardiograms. The universal leads, although superior to the above types, were also demonstrated to possess certain defects. A new type of horizontal lead connection was developed in the model which was superior to any of the more conventional leads studied. The possibility was discussed of applying to human vectorcardiography the principles of accurate registration demonstrated in the model.