The present review summarizes the syntheses and properties of O-mesitylenesulfonylhydroxylamine and related compounds. The synthetic applications of these products, especially their reactions with various types of nucleophile and electrophile, are discussed in detail. 1. Preparation 2. Properties 3. Synthetic Applications 3.1. Reactions with Nucleophiles 3.2. Reactions with Electrophiles 3.3. Miscellaneous Reactions