Timing of Carotid Endarterectomy After Stroke

Abstract

Timing of carotid endarterectomy after stroke in a patient with a fixed neurological deficit remains an important but unresolved question. Early surgery has been associated with cerebral hemorrhage and infarct extension. Delayed endarterectomy exposes the patient to recurrent stroke and carotid occlusion. This review investigates the hypothesis that timing of surgery after stroke influences outcome and complications. This analysis critically evaluates peer-reviewed reports that retrospectively examined outcome after surgery performed "early" and "late" after stroke. The basis for intracerebral hemorrhage after endarterectomy is discussed. Clinical features that influence outcome are investigated. Patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy are considered a heterogeneous group based on the following features: presence of low density on cranial CT, vascular territory of the infarct, brain shift, and level of consciousness. While critical review of these retrospective studies suggests that some patients with an acute stroke can safely undergo endarterectomy shortly after the diagnosis is made, direct answers to these questions of timing of endarterectomy after stroke are best addressed by prospective studies. Nevertheless, the present review provides a basis for decision making in certain patients and for the design of future investigations.