Villous tissue osmolality and intestinal transport of water and electrolytes

Abstract

The villous tissue hyperosmolality created by the intestinal countercurrent multiplier has been proposed to be of importance for fluid transport across the intestinal epithelium in vivo. This study was performed to test this hypothesis. Net transport of fluid and electrolytes (sodium, potassium and chloride), as well as unidirectional fluxes of water and sodium were determined in the small intestine of the cat. The villous osmolality was altered by varying the composition of sodium and glucose in the isotonic solutions perfusing the intestinal lumen. Net transport of fluid was correlated to tissue osmolality mainly due to an increase of the unidirectional flux of water from lumen to tissue with augmented tissue osmolality. The results are thus consistent with the view that the intestinal countercurrent multiplier is of essential importance for net water transport. A correlation was found between net water and net sodium intestinal transport. A similar correlation was also demonstrated between net sodium and net chloride absorption rates in the jejunum while in the ileum net loss of sodium into the intestinal lumen was not accompanied by any corresponding loss of chloride ions. This observation suggests the presence of a sodium independent transport mechanism for chloride in the ileum but not in the jejunum.