1) Death rates were studied in relation to the smoking habits of 447,196 men born between 1868 and 1927 and still living on July 1, 1960. During a 5-year period (July 1, 1960, through June 30, 1965), 39,178 of the men died. Their death rates were lower than those shown in the 1959–61 U.S. white male life table because, at the time of selection, men too ill to answer a questionnaire and men in long-term care institutions were excluded, and men in the lowest socioeconomic groups were underrepresented in the study population. 2) Life tables were constructed for men such as those included in the study. The estimated mean length of life remaining at age 35 was 42.4 years for men who never smoked regularly, 37.8 for those who smoked 1–9 cigarettes a day, 37.1 years for those who smoked 10–19, 36.5 years for those who smoked 20–39, and 34.7 years for those who smoked 40+. It was 38.8 years for cigarette smokers who began when they were between 25 and 34 years old, 37.7 years for those who began between 20 and 24 years of age, 36.0 for those who began between the ages of 15 and 19, and 34.6 years for those who began before the age of 15. 3) By making adjustments described in the text, we constructed life tables by smoking habits for all U.S. white men starting at age 35. Similarly, we constructed life tables for all U.S. men starting at age 25. These tables are shown in the text.