An Investigation of the Performance and Design of the Air Ejector Employing Low-Pressure Air as the Driving Fluid

Abstract

The air ejector, in its various forms, is a device which has many applications in engineering practice, and several attempts have been made to analyse its mode of action, some of these having been supported by experimental work. Most of the experimental results available are related to ejectors in which relatively high-pressure steam is utilized as the driving fluid, but even in these cases the information provided is restricted to a narrow field. The investigation described relates to an air ejector employing as the driving fluid air at a relatively low pressure, not exceeding 40 lb. per sq. in. (abs.), and covering a wide range of operating conditions by means of interchangeable nozzles. Two distinct experimental arrangements were built—one for the set of conditions in which the ejector draws in a relatively small quantity of suction fluid and pumps it through a relatively high pressure-ratio, and the other covering conditions in which the quantity of suction fluid is much larger, but the pressure ratio is quite small. For a given initial pressure and quantity of driving fluid, the rate of mass flow of suction fluid depends chiefly on the diameter of the combining tube, in which the driving and suction fluids mix; in the experiments, the ratio of com-bining-tube area to driving-nozzle area was varied in twelve steps, covering a range of area ratios from 1·44 to 1,110·0, and compression ratios ranging from about 3 to about 1·001. Efforts were made to find the best proportions of those parts of the ejector which exert a major influence on performance, and certain conclusions are drawn from the results of the experiments. Theoretical aspects of the problem are briefly discussed.