The synthesis and transition temperatures of some 4,4″-dialkyl- and 4,4″-alkoxyalkyl-1,1′ :4′,1″-terphenyls with 2,3- or 2′,3′-difluoro substituents and of their biphenyl analogues

Abstract

The tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium (0)-catalysed coupling of arylboronic acids with aryl halides is used to prepare several 4,4″-dialkyl- and 4,4″-alkoxyalkyl-1,1′:4′,1″-terphenyls with 2,3- or 2′,3′-difluoro substituents and their related biphenyl systems. Lithiation ortho to a 1,2-difluoroaromatic unit provides the route to the 2,3-difluoroarylboronic acids. The 2,3-difluoro substituted terphenyls are low-melting liquid crystals with wide-range S_c phases and no underlying smectic phase; these compounds are excellent hosts for ferroelectric systems. The compounds with widest S_c ranges are those with the difluoro substituents in an end ring and the compounds with difluoro substituents in the central ring show more nematic character and so are useful for ECB devices.